# Department of Neurophysiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine

> The Department of Neurophysiology (神経生理学分野) at Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, led by Professor Masanori Sakaguchi, MD, PhD, studies how the sleeping brain consolidates memory. Its three research pillars are (1) Sleep-driven dynamics of memory; (2) Sleep and PTSD — pathophysiology and therapeutic technology development; (3) Sleep-Enabled Neural Regenerative Medicine. Best-known work: adult-born hippocampal neurons and their activity during REM sleep are needed for memory consolidation in mice (Kumar et al., Neuron 2020; Srinivasan et al., Nature Communications 2025). Read llms-full.txt for everything in one file.

This file is the entry point for AI agents and other automated readers. 62 publications by the PI are covered; each has a structured record (bibliography, summary, key findings with figure numbers, sample sizes and statistics where available). SES (Sound Exposure during Sleep) is exploratory research, not a treatment; no medical advice is given and no study participants are being recruited. Last updated: 2026-10-16.

## Start here

- [Full profile and publication digest (llms-full.txt)](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/llms-full.txt): lab overview, PI biography, research pillars, every paper with findings, people, contact, citation, FAQ
- [For AI agents](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/index.html): what each machine-readable file contains and how to use it
- [Frequently asked questions](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/faq.md): short answers based only on public information
- [日本語の案内 / Japanese version of this file](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ja/llms.txt): the same entry point in Japanese

## Research pillars

- [Sleep-driven dynamics of memory](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/research.html): Basic mechanisms of how sleep, particularly REM sleep, supports memory consolidation and the circuit-level integration of newly generated neurons; memory remapping, metabolism and circuit dynamics during sleep; and analysis tools that follow the same neurons over long periods.
- [Sleep and PTSD — pathophysiology and therapeutic technology development](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/research.html): Animal studies of trauma-related fear memory paired with clinical studies of sleep in people with PTSD, and development of Sound Exposure during Sleep (SES), an investigational platform that delivers individualized auditory cues during specific sleep stages. SES is at an exploratory stage; it is not an established treatment.
- [Sleep-Enabled Neural Regenerative Medicine](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/research.html): A lineage that runs from the discovery of Galectin-1 as a driver of adult neurogenesis, through causal studies of adult-born neurons in memory, toward approaches in which sleep helps newly added neurons join host circuits.

## Key publications

- [Transient reactivation of small ensembles of adult-born neurons during REM sleep supports memory consolidation in mice](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/srinivasan-2025-nat-commun.md): Srinivasan et al., Nature Communications 2025. In mice, a handful of young adult-born dentate gyrus neurons active during fear learning reactivate in REM sleep, and silencing them then, or at one theta phase, disrupts memory consolidation.
- [Sparse Activity of Hippocampal Adult-Born Neurons during REM Sleep Is Necessary for Memory Consolidation](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/kumar-2020-neuron.md): Kumar et al., Neuron 2020. In mice, young adult-born dentate gyrus neurons active during fear learning are reactivated in later REM sleep, and silencing their sparse REM-sleep activity impairs contextual fear memory consolidation.
- [A comprehensive suite for extracting neuron signals across multiple sessions in one-photon calcium imaging](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/vergara-2025-natcommun.md): Vergara et al., Nature Communications 2025. CaliAli, a software suite that aligns one-photon calcium imaging sessions using blood vessels plus neurons and extracts signals from concatenated videos, lets the same mouse neurons be followed for weeks to months.
- [Posttraining Ablation of Adult-Generated Neurons Degrades Previously Acquired Memories](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/arruda-carvalho-2011-jneurosci.md): Arruda-Carvalho et al., The Journal of Neuroscience 2011. Selectively killing mature adult-born dentate granule neurons after learning, but not before, degraded hippocampus-dependent memories in mice, even when done one month later.
- [A carbohydrate-binding protein, Galectin-1, promotes proliferation of adult neural stem cells](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/sakaguchi-2006-pnas.md): Sakaguchi et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2006. Galectin-1, a sugar-binding protein found in slowly dividing astrocytes of the adult subventricular zone, acts as an endogenous factor that supports neural stem and progenitor cell proliferation in mice.
- [Auditory conditioned stimulus presentation during NREM sleep impairs fear memory in mice](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/purple-2017-scirep.md): Purple et al., Scientific Reports 2017. In mice, replaying a fear-conditioned tone during NREM sleep, but not REM sleep, reduced later freezing to that tone, directly comparing cueing across the two sleep stages.
- [REM sleep rhythm impairment in people with PTSD](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/sekiba-2025-medrxiv.md): Sekiba et al., medRxiv 2025. Multi-night home polysomnography shows that people with PTSD sleep about as long as matched controls but have delayed, short, fragmented REM sleep and a weakened rhythm of REM recurrence across the night.
- [Sound Exposure During Sleep (SES) in PTSD Patients: An Open-Label Feasibility Study](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/ino-2026-medrxiv.md): Ino et al., medRxiv 2026. A single-arm, open-label study tested whether personalized trauma-linked sounds can be delivered during NREM sleep to people with PTSD; all six who reached the overnight session completed it.

## Research funding

Competitive research grants received by the PI, Masanori Sakaguchi, newest first, with the PI's role in each (principal investigator, co-investigator, or other). Amounts are not listed.

- 2026–2028: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) (KAKENHI), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) — Principal investigator: “Elucidation and application of the memory consolidation mechanisms inherent in sleep dynamics” (grant no. 26H02428) https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-26H02428/
- 2026–2027: Strategic Basic Research Programs, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) — Co-investigator
- 2026: Specified Research Grant, Takeda Science Foundation — Co-investigator
- 2026: Translational Research Program, Medical Startup Support Program, Seeds S1, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) — Principal investigator: “Regulatory approval, implementation and commercialisation of a closed-loop acoustic stimulation medical device delivering SES (Sound Exposure during Sleep) therapy”
- 2024–2026: Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas (B), Organizing Group (KAKENHI), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) — Co-investigator: “Administration of "Manipulation of the Umwelt through the use of sound"” (grant no. 25K24828) https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-ORGANIZER-25K24828/
- 2024–2026: Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas (B), Planned Research (KAKENHI), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) — Principal investigator (planned research project): “Manipulation of the Umwelt by sound stimulation during sleep” (grant no. 25K24831) https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PLANNED-25K24831/
- 2024–2026: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (KAKENHI), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) — Co-investigator: “Real-time motif detection from calcium imaging” (grant no. 24K10470) https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-24K10470/
- 2024: Translational Research Program, Seeds preF, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) — Principal investigator: “Development of a novel treatment for PTSD using sound stimulation during sleep”
- 2023–2025: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (KAKENHI), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) — Principal investigator: “Function of fear memory retrieval during REM sleep” (grant no. 23K27475) https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-23K27475/
- 2022–2028: Fund for the Promotion of Joint International Research (International Leading Research) (KAKENHI), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) — Co-investigator: “Deciphering the mysteries of sleep: creating a global network of sleep neuroscientists” (grant no. 22K21351) https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-22K21351/
- 2022–2024: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) (KAKENHI), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) — Co-investigator: “Molecular research and treatment of fear memory in PTSD” (grant no. 22H00469) https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-22H00469/
- 2022–2023: Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows (KAKENHI), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) — Host researcher: “Elucidation of the mechanism by which adult-born neurons consolidate memory during sleep” (grant no. 22KF0047) https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-22KF0047/
- 2022: Translational Research Program, Seeds A, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) — Principal investigator
- 2021–2023: Specified Research Grant, Uehara Memorial Foundation — Principal investigator: “Elucidation of the operating principles of consciousness based on synchronous brain activity”
- 2021–2023: Brain and Mind Research Promotion Program (Cross-disciplinary and Exploratory Brain Research Project), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) — Principal investigator: “Research and development on the operating principles of consciousness” https://www.amed.go.jp/koubo/15/01/1501C_00014.html
- 2021–2022: Research Grant, Goho Life Sciences International Fund — Principal investigator: “Elucidation of the mechanism of memory consolidation during sleep”
- 2021–2022: Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas (A), Publicly Offered Research (KAKENHI), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) — Principal investigator: “Function of synapse pruning in the regenerating memory circuit” (grant no. 21H05674) https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PUBLICLY-21H05674/
- 2021–2022: Research Grants in the Natural Sciences, Mitsubishi Foundation — Principal investigator: “Pattern separation mechanism based on the interaction of new and old neurons during sleep”
- 2021: Life Science Research Grant, Takeda Science Foundation — Principal investigator: “Failure of plastic neural circuits underlying anxiety disorders” https://takeda-sci.or.jp/research/doc/2021_list.pdf
- 2020–2022: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (KAKENHI), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) — Principal investigator: “Significance of synaptic plasticity for memory consolidation during sleep” (grant no. 20H03552) https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-20H03552/
- 2020: Moonshot Research and Development Program, Goal 7, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) — Co-investigator: “Sleep and hibernation: next-generation medicine opened up by elucidating and manipulating two kinds of 'sleep'” https://www.amed.go.jp/koubo/18/03/1803C_00003.html
- 2019–2021: Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows (KAKENHI), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) — Host researcher: “Role of SRF in memory consolidation during REM sleep” (grant no. 19F19310) https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-19F19310/
- 2017: Research Grant, Takeda Science Foundation — Principal investigator: “Erasing traumatic memory during sleep by optogenetics” https://takeda-sci.or.jp/research/doc/2017_list.pdf
- 2016–2020: Strategic Basic Research Programs, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) — Co-investigator: “Integrated analysis of sleep function and control mechanisms using light” https://www.jst.go.jp/kisoken/crest/project/1111091/1111091_2016.html
- 2016–2019: Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) (KAKENHI), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) — Principal investigator: “Memory trace consolidated by new-born neurons” (grant no. 16K18359) https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16K18359/
- 2016: Research Grant, Inamori Foundation — Principal investigator: “Function of adult-born neurons in memory during sleep revealed by optogenetics”
- 2016: Research and Development Grant, Shimadzu Science Foundation — Principal investigator: “Identification of the molecular entity of sleepiness by mass spectrometry and optogenetics”
- 2016: Research Grant for Basic Medical Science, Kanehara Ichiro Memorial Foundation — Principal investigator: “Molecular mechanism of sleep-dependent memory consolidation revealed by adult neurogenesis”
- 2016: Psychopharmacology Research Grant, SENSHIN Medical Research Foundation — Principal investigator: “Sleep-stage-dependent function of adult-born neurons in the generalization of PTSD”
- 2015–2017: Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows (KAKENHI), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) — Host researcher: “Integration of adult-born neurons into memory circuits during sleep” (grant no. 15F15408) https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15F15408/
- 2015–2016: Research Grant, Research Foundation for Opto-Science and Technology — Principal investigator: “Function of adult-born neurons in memory circuit formation during sleep revealed by light”
- 2015–2016: Kato Memorial Research Grant, Kato Memorial Bioscience Foundation — Principal investigator: “The role of sleep in memory consolidation”
- 2015: Research Grant, Life Science Foundation of Japan — Principal investigator: “Basic research toward regenerative therapy of the central nervous system using adult-born neurons”
- 2015: Research Grant, Kowa Life Science Foundation — Principal investigator: “Elucidation of memory formation during sleep by optical control of neurons regenerating in the brain”
- 2015: Research Incentive Grant, Uehara Memorial Foundation — Principal investigator: “Elucidation of memory formation mechanisms during sleep using light”
- 2015: Psychopharmacology Research Grant for Young Investigators, SENSHIN Medical Research Foundation — Principal investigator: “Excitation of adult-born neurons during REM sleep is required for traumatic memory formation”
- 2015: Research Grant, Kanae Foundation for the Promotion of Medical Science — Principal investigator: “Integration of adult-born neurons into existing circuits for central nervous system regeneration”
- 2014–2015: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas, Publicly Offered Research (KAKENHI), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) — Principal investigator: “Function of the activation of adult-born neurons during sleep in memory” (grant no. 26115502) https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PUBLICLY-26115502/
- 2013–2017: Research Grant on the Causes and Pathology of Adult Diseases, Japan Applied Enzyme Association — Principal investigator: “Pathophysiology of memory information processing in aging”
- 2013–2014: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas, Publicly Offered Research (KAKENHI), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) — Principal investigator: “Pathophysiology of memory information processing in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)” (grant no. 25116530) https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PUBLICLY-25116530/
- 2013: Research Grant, Brain Science Foundation — Principal investigator: “Pathophysiology of fear memory information processing in PTSD”
- 2012–2013: Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) (KAKENHI), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) — Principal investigator: “Memory transfer across neural networks” (grant no. 24700340) https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-24700340/
- 2011–2012: Research Grant, Research Foundation for Opto-Science and Technology — Principal investigator: “Elucidation of memory transfer mechanisms in the brain by optogenetics”
- 2011: Research Grant, Takeda Science Foundation — Principal investigator: “Elucidation of the mechanism of memory information transfer in the brain” https://takeda-sci.or.jp/research/doc/2011_list.pdf
- 2011: Research Incentive Grant, Uehara Memorial Foundation — Principal investigator: “Elucidation of the transfer mechanism of memory information in the brain”
- 2009–2010: Overseas Research Fellowships, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) — Fellow: “Role of adult neurogenesis in learning and memory in the adult central nervous system”
- 2007–2008: Restracomp Postdoctoral Fellowship, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto — Fellow
- 2006–2007: Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (Start-up) (KAKENHI), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) — Principal investigator: “Functional analysis of glycan molecules in adult central nervous system stem cells” (grant no. 18890186) https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-18890186/

## Patents

- JP 7299610: Small imaging device (granted 2023)
- JP 7321511: Determination device, light irradiation device, and program (granted 2023)
- US 7,662,385: Agent for inhibiting proliferation of neural stem cells (granted 2010)
- US 7,785,596: Methods for enhancing survival and/or proliferation of neural stem cells and neurite extension enhancers therefor, pharmaceutical compositions containing neural stem cells, assay methods and screening methods (granted 2010)
- We have also filed patent applications on technologies related to sleep. Their details will be posted after the applications are published.

## Machine-readable data

- [papers.json](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers.json): all publication records as one JSON array
- [findings.jsonl](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/findings.jsonl): one key finding per line with paper ID, DOI and figure reference
- [themes.json](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/themes.json): research themes with papers in chronological order
- [data.json](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/data.json) and [data.md](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/data.md): where the data and code of each paper are, as stated in the article
- [lab.json](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/lab.json): department, PI, members, contact, funding and patents
- [funding.json](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/funding.json): research grants with the PI's role, newest first (no amounts)
- [publications.bib](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/publications.bib) and [publications.csl.json](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/publications.csl.json): citation data

## About the department

- [People](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/people.html): PI and members
- [Publications](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/publications.html): publication list for people
- [Positions](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/positions.html): PhD, postdoc, visiting and technician positions
- [Contact](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/contact.html): address and email
- [Supporting the research](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/donation.html): Gifts to the department are received through Kobe University: https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/donation.html (Japanese: https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ja/donation.html). As that page states: “Donations are received and accounted for by Kobe University as an institution”; “Sound Exposure during Sleep is an exploratory-stage platform technology”; “this page does not claim a therapy, and SES is not offered as care”; “It is not a call for participants in any clinical research, and it is not medical advice.”
- [Japanese site](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ja/index.html): 日本語のページ

## Optional

- [Development and Evaluation of an Auditory VR Generative System via Natural Language Interaction to Aid Exposure Therapy for PTSD Patients](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/yamauchi-2026-acm-trans-comput-healthc.md): Yamauchi et al., ACM Transactions on Computing for Healthcare 2026
- [Sound Exposure During Sleep (SES) in PTSD Patients: An Open-Label Feasibility Study](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/ino-2026-medrxiv.md): Ino et al., medRxiv 2026
- [Method for Selective REM Sleep Deprivation using The Selective Nose Flicking for Forgetting REM (SNiFFer)](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/nagai-2026-jove.md): Nagai et al., Journal of Visualized Experiments 2026
- [Transient reactivation of small ensembles of adult-born neurons during REM sleep supports memory consolidation in mice](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/srinivasan-2025-nat-commun.md): Srinivasan et al., Nature Communications 2025
- [Classification of Global Brain States by Resampling and Data Augmentation of EEG](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/chen-2025-embc.md): Chen et al., 2025 47th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) 2025
- [REM sleep rhythm impairment in people with PTSD](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/sekiba-2025-medrxiv.md): Sekiba et al., medRxiv 2025
- [Memory processing by hippocampal adult-born neurons](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/chavan-2025-neurobiol-learn-mem.md): Chavan et al., Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 2025
- [Diverse Firing Profiles of Crhbp-positive Neurons in the Dorsal Pons Suggestive of Their Pleiotropic Roles in REM Sleep Regulation in Mice](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/arai-2025-jneurosci.md): Arai et al., The Journal of Neuroscience 2025
- [A comprehensive suite for extracting neuron signals across multiple sessions in one-photon calcium imaging](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/vergara-2025-natcommun.md): Vergara et al., Nature Communications 2025
- [T-scope V4: miniaturized microscope for optogenetic tagging in freely behaving animals](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/wang-2024-biorxiv.md): Wang et al., bioRxiv 2024
- [A pontine-medullary loop crucial for REM sleep and its deficit in Parkinson’s disease](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/kashiwagi-2024-cell.md): Kashiwagi et al., Cell 2024
- [Distinct ventral hippocampal inhibitory microcircuits regulating anxiety and fear behaviors](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/li-2024-natcommun.md): Li et al., Nature Communications 2024
- [Real-time detection of motifs from semi-synthetic calcium imaging data with various noise types](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/he-2024-embc.md): He et al., 2024 46th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) 2024
- [Spaced conditioned stimulus presentation facilitates the extinction of strong fear memory in mice](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/kawakami-2024-bbrc.md): Kawakami et al., Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2024
- [A Noise-Robust Approach to Estimate Dimension of Sleep EEG in Mice Using Permutation Entropy](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/koyama-2024-fuzzieee.md): Koyama et al., 2024 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE) 2024
- [CaliAli, a tool for long-term tracking of neuronal population dynamics in calcium imaging](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/vergara-2023-biorxiv.md): Vergara et al., bioRxiv 2023
- [Fully automatic REM sleep stage-specific intervention systems using single EEG in mice](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/koyanagi-2023-neurosci-res.md): Koyanagi et al., Neuroscience Research 2023
- [PTSDの恐怖記憶処理と新しい治療技術の開発](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/sakaguchi-2022-jpn-j-trauma-stress.md): 坂口 & 廣幡, トラウマティック・ストレス（Japanese Journal of Traumatic Stress） 2022
- [Novel Galectin-3 Roles in Neurogenesis, Inflammation and Neurological Diseases](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/soares-2021-cells.md): Soares et al., Cells 2021
- [Open-Source Software for Real-time Calcium Imaging and Synchronized Neuron Firing Detection](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/taniguchi-2021-embc.md): Taniguchi et al., 2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC) 2021
- [Contribution of adult-born neurons to memory consolidation during rapid eye movement sleep](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/ohba-2021-neural-regen-res.md): Ohba & Sakaguchi, Neural Regeneration Research 2021
- [Fear generalization immediately after contextual fear memory consolidation in mice](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/yu-2021-bbrc.md): Yu et al., Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2021
- [Real-time, automatic, open-source sleep stage classification system using single EEG for mice](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/tezuka-2021-scirep.md): Tezuka et al., Scientific Reports 2021
- [Remapping of Adult-Born Neuron Activity during Fear Memory Consolidation in Mice](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/vergara-2021-ijms.md): Vergara et al., International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021
- [Calcium imaging of adult-born neurons in freely moving mice](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/carrier-ruiz-2021-star-protocols.md): Carrier-Ruiz et al., STAR Protocols 2021
- [Metabolic fingerprints of fear memory consolidation during sleep](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/koyanagi-2021-molbrain.md): Koyanagi et al., Molecular Brain 2021
- [Mechanisms Underlying Memory Consolidation by Adult-Born Neurons During Sleep](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/vergara-2020-front-cell-neurosci.md): Vergara & Sakaguchi, Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience 2020
- [Sparse Activity of Hippocampal Adult-Born Neurons during REM Sleep Is Necessary for Memory Consolidation](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/kumar-2020-neuron.md): Kumar et al., Neuron 2020
- [Progressive Changes in Sleep and Its Relations to Amyloid-β Distribution and Learning in Single App Knock-In Mice](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/maezono-2020-eneuro.md): Maezono et al., eNeuro 2020
- [Miniaturized microscope with flexible light source input for neuronal imaging and manipulation in freely behaving animals](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/srinivasan-2019-bbrc.md): Srinivasan et al., Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2019
- [Memory consolidation during sleep and adult hippocampal neurogenesis](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/koyanagi-2019-neural-regen-res.md): Koyanagi et al., Neural Regeneration Research 2019
- [Concise Review: Regulatory Influence of Sleep and Epigenetics on Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Cognitive and Emotional Function](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/akers-2018-stemcells.md): Akers et al., Stem Cells 2018
- [Auditory conditioned stimulus presentation during NREM sleep impairs fear memory in mice](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/purple-2017-scirep.md): Purple et al., Scientific Reports 2017
- [Effect of context exposure after fear learning on memory generalization in mice](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/fujinaka-2016-molbrain.md): Fujinaka et al., Molecular Brain 2016
- [Inhibiting the Activity of CA1 Hippocampal Neurons Prevents the Recall of Contextual Fear Memory in Inducible ArchT Transgenic Mice](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/sakaguchi-2015-plos-one.md): Sakaguchi et al., PLOS ONE 2015
- [Posttraining Ablation of Adult-Generated Olfactory Granule Cells Degrades Odor–Reward Memories](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/arruda-carvalho-2014-jneurosci.md): Arruda-Carvalho et al., The Journal of Neuroscience 2014
- [Catching the engram: strategies to examine the memory trace](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/sakaguchi-2012-molbrain.md): Sakaguchi & Hayashi, Molecular Brain 2012
- [Roles of Planar Cell Polarity Signaling in Maturation of Neuronal Precursor Cells in the Postnatal Mouse Olfactory Bulb](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/hirota-2012-stem-cells.md): Hirota et al., STEM CELLS 2012
- [Neural stem cells, adult neurogenesis, and galectin‐1: From bench to bedside](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/sakaguchi-2012-dev-neurobiol.md): Sakaguchi & Okano, Developmental Neurobiology 2012
- [Posttraining Ablation of Adult-Generated Neurons Degrades Previously Acquired Memories](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/arruda-carvalho-2011-jneurosci.md): Arruda-Carvalho et al., The Journal of Neuroscience 2011
- [Transplantation of human neural stem/progenitor cells overexpressing galectin-1 improves functional recovery from focal brain ischemia in the mongolian gerbil](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/yamane-2011-molbrain.md): Yamane et al., Molecular Brain 2011
- [Impaired spatial and contextual memory formation in galectin-1 deficient mice](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/sakaguchi-2011-mol-brain.md): Sakaguchi et al., Molecular Brain 2011
- [Impact of early adverse experience on complexity of adult-generated neurons](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/leslie-2011-transl-psychiatry.md): Leslie et al., Translational Psychiatry 2011
- [Galectin-1 is expressed in early-type neural progenitor cells and down-regulates neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/imaizumi-2011-mol-brain.md): Imaizumi et al., Molecular Brain 2011
- [Expression and Proliferation-Promoting Role of Diversin in the Neuronally Committed Precursor Cells Migrating in the Adult Mouse Brain](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/ikeda-2010-stem-cells.md): Ikeda et al., Stem Cells 2010
- [Planar polarity of multiciliated ependymal cells involves the anterior migration of basal bodies regulated by non-muscle myosin II](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/hirota-2010-development.md): Hirota et al., Development 2010
- [Functional convergence of developmentally and adult‐generated granule cells in dentate gyrus circuits supporting hippocampus‐dependent memory](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/stone-2011-hippocampus.md): Stone et al., Hippocampus 2010
- [Regulation of adult neural progenitor cells by Galectin‐1/β1 Integrin interaction](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/sakaguchi-2010-j-neurochem.md): Sakaguchi et al., Journal of Neurochemistry 2010
- [Functional Contribution of Adult-Generated Olfactory Bulb Interneurons: Odor Discrimination versus Odor Memory: Table 1.](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/akers-2010-jneurosci.md): Akers et al., The Journal of Neuroscience 2010
- [Transplantation of galectin‐1‐expressing human neural stem cells into the injured spinal cord of adult common marmosets](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/yamane-2010-j-neurosci-res.md): Yamane et al., Journal of Neuroscience Research 2010
- [Starting at the endophenotype: A role for alpha-CaMKII in schizophrenia?](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/frankland-2008-molbrain.md): Frankland et al., Molecular Brain 2008
- [Galectin-1 regulates neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and promotes functional recovery after stroke](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/ishibashi-2007-expneurol.md): Ishibashi et al., Experimental Neurology 2007
- [β-Catenin Signaling Promotes Proliferation of Progenitor Cells in the Adult Mouse Subventricular Zone](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/adachi-2007-stem-cells.md): Adachi et al., Stem Cells 2007
- [Regeneration of the central nervous system using endogenous repair mechanisms](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/okano-2007-j-neurochem.md): Okano et al., Journal of Neurochemistry 2007
- [Expression and function of galectin-1 in adult neural stem cells](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/sakaguchi-2007-cell-mol-life-sci.md): Sakaguchi et al., Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 2007
- [Subventricular Zone-Derived Neuroblasts Migrate and Differentiate into Mature Neurons in the Post-Stroke Adult Striatum](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/yamashita-2006-jneurosci.md): Yamashita et al., Journal of Neuroscience 2006
- [A carbohydrate-binding protein, Galectin-1, promotes proliferation of adult neural stem cells](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/sakaguchi-2006-pnas.md): Sakaguchi et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2006
- [Neural stem cells: Isolation and self-renewal](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/okano-2006-tissue-stem-cells.md): Okano et al., Tissue Stem Cells 2006
- [A method for gene transfer, single isolation and in vitro assay for neural stem cells](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/sakaguchi-2005-inflamm-regen.md): Sakaguchi et al., Inflammation and Regeneration 2005
- [Human neural stem/progenitor cells, expanded in long‐term neurosphere culture, promote functional recovery after focal ischemia in Mongolian gerbils](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/ishibashi-2004-j-neurosci-res.md): Ishibashi et al., Journal of Neuroscience Research 2004
- [Implantation of dendritic cells in injured adult spinal cord results in activation of endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells leading to de novo neurogenesis and functional recovery](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/mikami-2004-j-neurosci-res.md): Mikami et al., Journal of Neuroscience Research 2004
- [Sox21 is a repressor of neuronal differentiation and is antagonized by YB-1](https://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/neurophy/ai/papers/ohba-2004-neurosci-lett.md): Ohba et al., Neuroscience Letters 2004